ASCIIText

// Component ported and enhanced from https://codepen.io/JuanFuentes/pen/eYEeoyE

<template>
  <div ref="containerRef" class="ascii-text-container" style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%" />
</template>

<script setup lang="ts">
import * as THREE from 'three';
import { onMounted, onUnmounted, ref, watch } from 'vue';

interface ASCIITextProps {
  text?: string;
  asciiFontSize?: number;
  textFontSize?: number;
  textColor?: string;
  planeBaseHeight?: number;
  enableWaves?: boolean;
}

const props = withDefaults(defineProps<ASCIITextProps>(), {
  text: 'David!',
  asciiFontSize: 8,
  textFontSize: 200,
  textColor: '#fdf9f3',
  planeBaseHeight: 8,
  enableWaves: true
});

const containerRef = ref<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);

const vertexShader = `
varying vec2 vUv;
uniform float uTime;
uniform float mouse;
uniform float uEnableWaves;

void main() {
    vUv = uv;
    float time = uTime * 5.;
    float waveFactor = uEnableWaves;
    vec3 transformed = position;
    transformed.x += sin(time + position.y) * 0.5 * waveFactor;
    transformed.y += cos(time + position.z) * 0.15 * waveFactor;
    transformed.z += sin(time + position.x) * waveFactor;
    gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(transformed, 1.0);
}
`;

const fragmentShader = `
varying vec2 vUv;
uniform float mouse;
uniform float uTime;
uniform sampler2D uTexture;

void main() {
    float time = uTime;
    vec2 pos = vUv;
    float r = texture2D(uTexture, pos + cos(time * 2. - time + pos.x) * .01).r;
    float g = texture2D(uTexture, pos + tan(time * .5 + pos.x - time) * .01).g;
    float b = texture2D(uTexture, pos - cos(time * 2. + time + pos.y) * .01).b;
    float a = texture2D(uTexture, pos).a;
    gl_FragColor = vec4(r, g, b, a);
}
`;

const PX_RATIO = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.devicePixelRatio : 1;

function mapRange(n: number, start: number, stop: number, start2: number, stop2: number) {
  return ((n - start) / (stop - start)) * (stop2 - start2) + start2;
}

interface AsciiFilterOptions {
  fontSize?: number;
  fontFamily?: string;
  charset?: string;
  invert?: boolean;
}

class AsciiFilter {
  renderer: THREE.WebGLRenderer;
  domElement: HTMLDivElement;
  pre: HTMLPreElement;
  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
  context: CanvasRenderingContext2D | null;
  deg: number;
  invert: boolean;
  fontSize: number;
  fontFamily: string;
  charset: string;
  width: number = 0;
  height: number = 0;
  center: { x: number; y: number } = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  mouse: { x: number; y: number } = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  cols: number = 0;
  rows: number = 0;

  constructor(renderer: THREE.WebGLRenderer, { fontSize, fontFamily, charset, invert }: AsciiFilterOptions = {}) {
    this.renderer = renderer;
    this.domElement = document.createElement('div');
    this.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
    this.domElement.style.top = '0';
    this.domElement.style.left = '0';
    this.domElement.style.width = '100%';
    this.domElement.style.height = '100%';

    this.pre = document.createElement('pre');
    this.pre.style.margin = '0';
    this.pre.style.userSelect = 'none';
    this.pre.style.padding = '0';
    this.pre.style.lineHeight = '1em';
    this.pre.style.textAlign = 'left';
    this.pre.style.position = 'absolute';
    this.pre.style.left = '0';
    this.pre.style.top = '0';
    this.pre.style.backgroundImage = 'radial-gradient(circle, #ff6188 0%, #fc9867 50%, #ffd866 100%)';
    this.pre.style.backgroundAttachment = 'fixed';
    this.pre.style.webkitTextFillColor = 'transparent';
    this.pre.style.webkitBackgroundClip = 'text';
    this.pre.style.zIndex = '9';
    this.pre.style.mixBlendMode = 'difference';
    this.domElement.appendChild(this.pre);

    this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
    this.canvas.style.position = 'absolute';
    this.canvas.style.left = '0';
    this.canvas.style.top = '0';
    this.canvas.style.width = '100%';
    this.canvas.style.height = '100%';
    this.canvas.style.imageRendering = 'pixelated';
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
    this.domElement.appendChild(this.canvas);

    this.deg = 0;
    this.invert = invert ?? true;
    this.fontSize = fontSize ?? 12;
    this.fontFamily = fontFamily ?? "'Courier New', monospace";
    this.charset = charset ?? ' .\'`^",:;Il!i~+_-?][}{1)(|/tfjrxnuvczXYUJCLQ0OZmwqpdbkhao*#MW&8%B@$';

    if (this.context) {
      this.context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false;
    }

    this.onMouseMove = this.onMouseMove.bind(this);
    document.addEventListener('mousemove', this.onMouseMove);
  }

  setSize(width: number, height: number) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.renderer.setSize(width, height);
    this.reset();
    this.center = { x: width / 2, y: height / 2 };
    this.mouse = { x: this.center.x, y: this.center.y };
  }

  reset() {
    if (!this.context) return;
    this.context.font = `${this.fontSize}px ${this.fontFamily}`;
    const charWidth = this.context.measureText('A').width;
    this.cols = Math.floor(this.width / (this.fontSize * (charWidth / this.fontSize)));
    this.rows = Math.floor(this.height / this.fontSize);
    this.canvas.width = this.cols;
    this.canvas.height = this.rows;
    this.pre.style.fontFamily = this.fontFamily;
    this.pre.style.fontSize = `${this.fontSize}px`;
  }

  render(scene: THREE.Scene, camera: THREE.Camera) {
    this.renderer.render(scene, camera);
    const w = this.canvas.width;
    const h = this.canvas.height;
    if (!this.context || !w || !h) return;
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, w, h);
    this.context.drawImage(this.renderer.domElement, 0, 0, w, h);
    this.asciify(this.context, w, h);
    this.hue();
  }

  onMouseMove(e: MouseEvent) {
    this.mouse = { x: e.clientX * PX_RATIO, y: e.clientY * PX_RATIO };
  }

  get dx() {
    return this.mouse.x - this.center.x;
  }
  get dy() {
    return this.mouse.y - this.center.y;
  }

  hue() {
    const deg = (Math.atan2(this.dy, this.dx) * 180) / Math.PI;
    this.deg += (deg - this.deg) * 0.075;
    this.domElement.style.filter = `hue-rotate(${this.deg.toFixed(1)}deg)`;
  }

  asciify(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, w: number, h: number) {
    if (!w || !h) return;
    const imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, w, h).data;
    let str = '';
    for (let y = 0; y < h; y++) {
      for (let x = 0; x < w; x++) {
        const i = x * 4 + y * 4 * w;
        const r = imgData[i];
        const g = imgData[i + 1];
        const b = imgData[i + 2];
        const a = imgData[i + 3];
        if (a === 0) {
          str += ' ';
          continue;
        }
        const gray = (0.3 * r + 0.6 * g + 0.1 * b) / 255;
        let idx = Math.floor((1 - gray) * (this.charset.length - 1));
        if (this.invert) idx = this.charset.length - idx - 1;
        str += this.charset[idx];
      }
      str += '\n';
    }
    this.pre.innerHTML = str;
  }

  dispose() {
    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', this.onMouseMove);
  }
}

interface CanvasTxtOptions {
  fontSize?: number;
  fontFamily?: string;
  color?: string;
}

class CanvasTxt {
  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
  context: CanvasRenderingContext2D | null;
  txt: string;
  fontSize: number;
  fontFamily: string;
  color: string;
  font: string;

  constructor(txt: string, { fontSize = 200, fontFamily = 'Arial', color = '#fdf9f3' }: CanvasTxtOptions = {}) {
    this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
    this.context = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
    this.txt = txt;
    this.fontSize = fontSize;
    this.fontFamily = fontFamily;
    this.color = color;
    this.font = `600 ${this.fontSize}px ${this.fontFamily}`;
  }

  resize() {
    if (!this.context) return;
    this.context.font = this.font;
    const metrics = this.context.measureText(this.txt);
    const textWidth = Math.ceil(metrics.width) + 20;
    const textHeight = Math.ceil(metrics.actualBoundingBoxAscent + metrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent) + 20;
    this.canvas.width = textWidth;
    this.canvas.height = textHeight;
  }

  render() {
    if (!this.context) return;
    this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
    this.context.fillStyle = this.color;
    this.context.font = this.font;
    const metrics = this.context.measureText(this.txt);
    const yPos = 10 + metrics.actualBoundingBoxAscent;
    this.context.fillText(this.txt, 10, yPos);
  }

  get width() {
    return this.canvas.width;
  }
  get height() {
    return this.canvas.height;
  }
  get texture() {
    return this.canvas;
  }
}

interface CanvAsciiOptions {
  text: string;
  asciiFontSize: number;
  textFontSize: number;
  textColor: string;
  planeBaseHeight: number;
  enableWaves: boolean;
}

class CanvAscii {
  textString: string;
  asciiFontSize: number;
  textFontSize: number;
  textColor: string;
  planeBaseHeight: number;
  container: HTMLElement;
  width: number;
  height: number;
  enableWaves: boolean;
  camera: THREE.PerspectiveCamera;
  scene: THREE.Scene;
  mouse: { x: number; y: number };
  textCanvas!: CanvasTxt;
  texture!: THREE.CanvasTexture;
  geometry!: THREE.PlaneGeometry;
  material!: THREE.ShaderMaterial;
  mesh!: THREE.Mesh;
  renderer!: THREE.WebGLRenderer;
  filter!: AsciiFilter;
  center!: { x: number; y: number };
  animationFrameId: number = 0;

  constructor(
    { text, asciiFontSize, textFontSize, textColor, planeBaseHeight, enableWaves }: CanvAsciiOptions,
    containerElem: HTMLElement,
    width: number,
    height: number
  ) {
    this.textString = text;
    this.asciiFontSize = asciiFontSize;
    this.textFontSize = textFontSize;
    this.textColor = textColor;
    this.planeBaseHeight = planeBaseHeight;
    this.container = containerElem;
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.enableWaves = enableWaves;

    this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, this.width / this.height, 1, 1000);
    this.camera.position.z = 30;
    this.scene = new THREE.Scene();
    this.mouse = { x: this.width / 2, y: this.height / 2 };
    this.onMouseMove = this.onMouseMove.bind(this);
  }

  async init() {
    try {
      await document.fonts.load('600 200px "IBM Plex Mono"');
      await document.fonts.load('500 12px "IBM Plex Mono"');
    } catch {}
    await document.fonts.ready;
    this.setMesh();
    this.setRenderer();
  }

  setMesh() {
    this.textCanvas = new CanvasTxt(this.textString, {
      fontSize: this.textFontSize,
      fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Mono',
      color: this.textColor
    });
    this.textCanvas.resize();
    this.textCanvas.render();

    this.texture = new THREE.CanvasTexture(this.textCanvas.texture);
    this.texture.minFilter = THREE.NearestFilter;

    const textAspect = this.textCanvas.width / this.textCanvas.height;
    const baseH = this.planeBaseHeight;
    const planeW = baseH * textAspect;

    this.geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(planeW, baseH, 36, 36);
    this.material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
      vertexShader,
      fragmentShader,
      transparent: true,
      uniforms: {
        uTime: { value: 0 },
        mouse: { value: 1.0 },
        uTexture: { value: this.texture },
        uEnableWaves: { value: this.enableWaves ? 1.0 : 0.0 }
      }
    });

    this.mesh = new THREE.Mesh(this.geometry, this.material);
    this.scene.add(this.mesh);
  }

  setRenderer() {
    this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: false, alpha: true });
    this.renderer.setPixelRatio(1);
    this.renderer.setClearColor(0x000000, 0);

    this.filter = new AsciiFilter(this.renderer, {
      fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Mono',
      fontSize: this.asciiFontSize,
      invert: true
    });

    this.container.appendChild(this.filter.domElement);
    this.setSize(this.width, this.height);

    this.container.addEventListener('mousemove', this.onMouseMove);
    this.container.addEventListener('touchmove', this.onMouseMove as EventListener);
  }

  setSize(w: number, h: number) {
    this.width = w;
    this.height = h;
    this.camera.aspect = w / h;
    this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    this.filter.setSize(w, h);
    this.center = { x: w / 2, y: h / 2 };
  }

  load() {
    this.animate();
  }

  onMouseMove(evt: MouseEvent | TouchEvent) {
    const e = (evt as TouchEvent).touches ? (evt as TouchEvent).touches[0] : (evt as MouseEvent);
    const bounds = this.container.getBoundingClientRect();
    const x = e.clientX - bounds.left;
    const y = e.clientY - bounds.top;
    this.mouse = { x, y };
  }

  animate() {
    const animateFrame = () => {
      this.animationFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(animateFrame);
      this.render();
    };
    animateFrame();
  }

  render() {
    const time = new Date().getTime() * 0.001;
    this.textCanvas.render();
    this.texture.needsUpdate = true;
    (this.mesh.material as THREE.ShaderMaterial).uniforms.uTime.value = Math.sin(time);
    this.updateRotation();
    this.filter.render(this.scene, this.camera);
  }

  updateRotation() {
    const x = mapRange(this.mouse.y, 0, this.height, 0.5, -0.5);
    const y = mapRange(this.mouse.x, 0, this.width, -0.5, 0.5);
    this.mesh.rotation.x += (x - this.mesh.rotation.x) * 0.05;
    this.mesh.rotation.y += (y - this.mesh.rotation.y) * 0.05;
  }

  clear() {
    this.scene.traverse(object => {
      const obj = object as unknown as THREE.Mesh;
      if (!obj.isMesh) return;
      [obj.material].flat().forEach(mat => {
        const m = mat as THREE.Material & Record<string, unknown>;
        m.dispose();
        Object.keys(m).forEach(key => {
          const prop = m[key];
          if (
            prop &&
            typeof prop === 'object' &&
            'dispose' in prop &&
            typeof (prop as { dispose: unknown }).dispose === 'function'
          ) {
            (prop as { dispose: () => void }).dispose();
          }
        });
      });
      obj.geometry.dispose();
    });
    this.scene.clear();
  }

  dispose() {
    cancelAnimationFrame(this.animationFrameId);
    if (this.filter) {
      this.filter.dispose();
      if (this.filter.domElement.parentNode) {
        this.container.removeChild(this.filter.domElement);
      }
    }
    this.container.removeEventListener('mousemove', this.onMouseMove);
    this.container.removeEventListener('touchmove', this.onMouseMove as EventListener);
    this.clear();
    if (this.renderer) {
      this.renderer.dispose();
      this.renderer.forceContextLoss();
    }
  }
}

let asciiInstance: CanvAscii | null = null;
let intersectionObserver: IntersectionObserver | null = null;
let resizeObserver: ResizeObserver | null = null;
let cancelled = false;

async function createAndInit(container: HTMLDivElement, w: number, h: number): Promise<CanvAscii> {
  const instance = new CanvAscii(
    {
      text: props.text,
      asciiFontSize: props.asciiFontSize,
      textFontSize: props.textFontSize,
      textColor: props.textColor,
      planeBaseHeight: props.planeBaseHeight,
      enableWaves: props.enableWaves
    },
    container,
    w,
    h
  );
  await instance.init();
  return instance;
}

async function setup() {
  const container = containerRef.value;
  if (!container) return;

  const { width, height } = container.getBoundingClientRect();

  if (width === 0 || height === 0) {
    intersectionObserver = new IntersectionObserver(
      async ([entry]) => {
        if (cancelled) return;
        if (entry.isIntersecting && entry.boundingClientRect.width > 0 && entry.boundingClientRect.height > 0) {
          const { width: w, height: h } = entry.boundingClientRect;
          intersectionObserver?.disconnect();
          intersectionObserver = null;
          if (!cancelled && containerRef.value) {
            asciiInstance = await createAndInit(containerRef.value, w, h);
            if (!cancelled && asciiInstance) asciiInstance.load();
          }
        }
      },
      { threshold: 0.1 }
    );
    intersectionObserver.observe(container);
    return;
  }

  asciiInstance = await createAndInit(container, width, height);
  if (!cancelled && asciiInstance) {
    asciiInstance.load();
    resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(entries => {
      if (!entries[0] || !asciiInstance) return;
      const { width: w, height: h } = entries[0].contentRect;
      if (w > 0 && h > 0) asciiInstance.setSize(w, h);
    });
    resizeObserver.observe(container);
  }
}

function cleanup() {
  cancelled = true;
  intersectionObserver?.disconnect();
  intersectionObserver = null;
  resizeObserver?.disconnect();
  resizeObserver = null;
  asciiInstance?.dispose();
  asciiInstance = null;
}

onMounted(() => {
  const link = document.createElement('link');
  link.rel = 'stylesheet';
  link.href = 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@500;600&display=swap';
  document.head.appendChild(link);

  cancelled = false;
  setup();
});

onUnmounted(() => {
  cleanup();
});

watch(
  () => [
    props.text,
    props.asciiFontSize,
    props.textFontSize,
    props.textColor,
    props.planeBaseHeight,
    props.enableWaves
  ],
  () => {
    if (!asciiInstance) return;
    asciiInstance.textString = props.text;
    asciiInstance.asciiFontSize = props.asciiFontSize;
    asciiInstance.textFontSize = props.textFontSize;
    asciiInstance.textColor = props.textColor;
    asciiInstance.planeBaseHeight = props.planeBaseHeight;
    asciiInstance.enableWaves = props.enableWaves;
    asciiInstance.dispose();
    asciiInstance.init().then(() => asciiInstance?.load());
  }
);
</script>

<style scoped>
div :deep(canvas) {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  image-rendering: optimizeSpeed;
  image-rendering: -moz-crisp-edges;
  image-rendering: -o-crisp-edges;
  image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
  image-rendering: optimize-contrast;
  image-rendering: crisp-edges;
  image-rendering: pixelated;
}

div :deep(pre) {
  margin: 0;
  user-select: none;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1em;
  text-align: left;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #ff6188 0%, #fc9867 50%, #ffd866 100%);
  background-attachment: fixed;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  z-index: 9;
  mix-blend-mode: difference;
}
</style>